By analyzing 117 cases from 2000 to 2025 and engaging with human rights organizations and lawyers, we found that most accusations arise not from genuine religious offenses but from jealousy, property disputes, personal rivalries, and religious zeal. The findings reveal deep flaws in police investigations, judicial processes, and state responses, with mob violence often escalating cases. Victims and their families face long detentions, displacement, and social exclusion even after acquittal. Findings also emphasize the devastating social, legal, and psychological consequences for the accused and their families, including displacement, prolonged detention, and violence.
The study concludes with recommendations for training, advocacy, and reform to strengthen protections for minorities and promote safer community relations.
